Question 4

Mathematics Probability Hard

Three numbers a, b and c are chosen at random (simultaneously) from among the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 99. The probability that&nbsp;a<sup>3</sup> + b<sup>3</sup> + c<sup>3</sup> - 3abc&nbsp;is divisible by 3, is

(A) <span class="math-tex">\(\rm\frac{3\times {^{33}C_3}+ \left(^{33}C_1\right)^3}{^{99}C_3}\)</span>
(B) <span class="math-tex">\(\rm\frac{3\times {^{33}C_3}- \left(^{33}C_1\right)^3}{^{99}C_3}\)</span>
(C) <span class="math-tex">\(\rm\frac{2\times {^{33}C_3}+ \left(^{33}C_1\right)^3}{^{99}C_3}\)</span>
(D) <span class="math-tex">\(\rm \frac{2\times {^{33}C_3}-\left(^{33}C_1\right)^3}{^{99}C_3}\)</span>
✓ Correct Answer: Option A Verified Solution

📘 Step-by-Step Solution & Detailed Explanation:

\(a^3 + b^3 + c^3 - 3abc = (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)\).

Modulo 3, \(n^3 \equiv n\) (Fermat's little theorem), so the expression \(\equiv a + b + c \pmod 3\). It is divisible by 3 exactly when \(a + b + c \equiv 0 \pmod 3\).

Of 1 to 99, there are 33 numbers in each residue class (0, 1, 2 mod 3). The sum is divisible by 3 when:

  • all three are from the same class: \(3 \times {}^{33}C_3\) ways, or
  • one is from each class: \(33 \times 33 \times 33 = ({}^{33}C_1)^3\) ways.

P = \(\frac{3 \times {}^{33}C_3 + ({}^{33}C_1)^3}{{}^{99}C_3}\)

Answer: (A)

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