If \( \vec{a} = \left(\vec{i} + 2\vec{j} - 3\vec{k}\right) \) and \( \vec{b} = \left(3\vec{i} - \vec{j} + 2\vec{k}\right) \), then the angle between \( \left(\vec{a} + \vec{b}\right) \) and \( \left(\vec{a} - \vec{b}\right) \) is?
Step-by-step Solution:
We are given the vectors:
\[
\vec{a} = \left(\vec{i} + 2\vec{j} - 3\vec{k}\right)
\]
\[
\vec{b} = \left(3\vec{i} - \vec{j} + 2\vec{k}\right)
\]
We need to find the angle between \( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \) and \( \vec{a} - \vec{b} \).
\[
\vec{a} + \vec{b} = (1 + 3)\vec{i} + (2 - 1)\vec{j} + (-3 + 2)\vec{k}
\]
\[
= 4\vec{i} + \vec{j} - \vec{k}
\]
Compute \( \vec{a} - \vec{b} \)
\[
\vec{a} - \vec{b} = (1 - 3)\vec{i} + (2 - (-1))\vec{j} + (-3 - 2)\vec{k}
\]
\[
= -2\vec{i} + 3\vec{j} - 5\vec{k}
\]
Compute the dot product \( (\vec{a} + \vec{b}) \cdot (\vec{a} - \vec{b}) \)
\[
(4\vec{i} + \vec{j} - \vec{k}) \cdot (-2\vec{i} + 3\vec{j} - 5\vec{k})
\]
Using the dot product formula:
\[
(4 \times -2) + (1 \times 3) + (-1 \times -5)
\]
\[
= -8 + 3 + 5 = 0
\]
Find the magnitudes
\[
|\vec{a} + \vec{b}| = \sqrt{4^2 + 1^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 1 + 1} = \sqrt{18} = 3\sqrt{2}
\]
\[
|\vec{a} - \vec{b}| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 3^2 + (-5)^2} = \sqrt{4 + 9 + 25} = \sqrt{38}
\]
Compute the angle
Using the formula:
\[
\cos\theta = \frac{(\vec{a} + \vec{b}) \cdot (\vec{a} - \vec{b})}{|\vec{a} + \vec{b}| |\vec{a} - \vec{b}|}
\]
\[
\cos\theta = \frac{0}{(3\sqrt{2} \times \sqrt{38})} = 0
\]
Since \( \cos\theta = 0 \), we get:
\[
\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}
\]
The angle between \( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \) and \( \vec{a} - \vec{b} \) is \( \frac{\pi}{2} \) (90°).